Ich empfehle noch einmal den englischsprachigen Wikipedia-Artikel, dessen Lektüre die oben stehende Diskussion überflüssig gemacht hätte.
Mit bestimmten Ausnahmen ist Homosexualität oder Hermaphoditismus gemäß Vinaya ein Ausschlusskriterium. Auch die Lehre von den 4 Geschlechtern wird erwähnt:
Alles anzeigenLaut englischer Wikipedia gelten bestimmte Formen abweichender sexueller Orientierung tatsächlich als Grund, jemand nicht in den Orden aufzunehmen.
Das wird im Text auf Vinaya-Regeln zurückgeführt. Der Ursprung des Verbots liege darin, dass ein Ansehensverlust des Ordens befürchtet wurde.
Zitat
"Within the earliest monastic texts such as the Vinaya (c. 4th century BCE), male monks are explicitly forbidden from having sexual relations with any of the four genders: male, female, ubhatovyanjañaka and paṇḍaka; various meanings of these words are given below. Later, the Buddha allowed the ordination of women, forbade ordination to these other types of people, with exceptions to a few particular types of paṇḍaka.[12] The Buddha's proscriptions against certain types of people joining the monastic sangha (ordained community) are often understood to reflect his concern with upholding the public image of the sangha as virtuous; in some cases, this is explicitly stated. Social acceptability was vital for the sangha, as it could not survive without material support from lay society.[13]
Ubhatovyanjañakas
The word ubhatovyanjañaka is usually thought to describe people who have both male and female sexual characteristics: hermaphrodites[14] (intersex). In the Vinaya, it is said that ubhatovyanjañaka should not be ordained, on account of the possibility that they would entice a fellow monk or nun into having sex.[15]
Paṇḍakas
The paṇḍaka is a complex category that is variously defined in different Buddhist texts. In the earliest texts, the word seems to refer to a socially stigmatized class of promiscuous, passive, probably transvestite men, who were possibly prostitutes with other males.[16][17] Paisarn Likhitpreechakul argue that these men are grouped together as special types of those suffering impotence due to seminal absence/deficiency rather than gender roles.[18]
Paṇḍaka are categorized with others who are also excluded from ordination; either those with physical abnormalities such as deafness or dwarfism, or those who have committed crimes.[19] "The Story of the Prohibition of the Ordination of Pandaka" from the Vinaya explains that the ban is a response to the example of a monk with an insatiable desire to be sexually penetrated by men, who requested and received this from some animal handlers, who then in turn related the incident to the wider community and brought disgrace upon the sangha.[20][21]"
)